E-cigarettes and other tobacco and nicotine products:an update overview

Smoking is a chronic, addictive, and relapsing disease that causes approximately 7 million deaths worldwide each year, representing a serious public health problem. Over the years, the tobacco industry has promoted alternatives to conventional tobacco, such as electronic cigarettes (ECs), heated tobacco products, and other tobacco products with and without nicotine. These products have been marketed as “harm reduction” or as an alternative to quitting smoking. However, scientific evidence has shown that the components of these devices are addictive and harmful to health, and there are no conclusive data indicating that they are safe and effective for smoking cessation. The toxicity of the components of ECs and other forms of smoking can produce serious health effects, regardless of whether they contain nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance that can lead to difficulties with attention, concentration, and learning, as well as behavioral changes and problems in family, school, and social settings. Furthermore, these new products can act as a gateway to the consumption of tobacco and other harmful substances.